Ask questions, make observations, and gather information about a situation people want to
change to define a simple problem that can be solved through the development of a new or
improved object or tool.

Analyze data from tests of two objects designed to solve the same problem to compare the strengths
and weaknesses of how each performs.

Develop a simple sketch, drawing, or physical model to illustrate how the shape of an object helps it function as needed to solve a given problem.

Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to
identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be improved.

Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or a want that includes specified criteria for
success and constraints on materials, time, or cost.

Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to
meet the criteria and constraints of the problem